Flagstone Vs. Bluestone: Patio Guide

Flagstone and bluestone are popular choices for patios since they are types of natural stone. Natural stone’s textures and colors are significantly impacted by mineral composition. Flagstone’s mineral composition gives it a wide range of colors. Bluestone, on the other hand, is celebrated for its consistently cool blue-grey color. Patios made with flagstone and patios made with bluestone require different installation techniques and maintenance routines, so homeowners must understand the characteristics of each stone.

Okay, picture this: you’re standing in your backyard, right? But instead of just grass and maybe a sad-looking patio set, imagine a space that feels like it’s been plucked straight out of a magazine. That’s the magic of flagstone and bluestone!

So, what are these magical materials? Well, think of flagstone as nature’s own jigsaw puzzle – large, flat stones, perfect for creating pathways, patios, and more. And bluestone, its cousin, is known for its cool blue-gray tones that bring a touch of elegance to any outdoor project. Both are natural stones, meaning they come straight from the earth, bringing with them a unique character and charm that you just can’t replicate with manufactured materials.

These aren’t your run-of-the-mill paving stones; we’re talking about materials that add value and style to your property. Whether you’re dreaming of a rustic garden path or a sleek, modern pool deck, flagstone and bluestone can make it happen. In this post, we’ll dive into the wonderful world of these stones, exploring everything from their different types and properties to how you can install and care for them. Get ready to unleash your inner landscape designer!

Decoding the Differences: Types of Flagstone and Bluestone

Ever stared at a patio and wondered, “Is that flagstone, or bluestone? And what’s the difference anyway?” You’re not alone! These natural stones are both rockstars in the landscaping world, but they each bring their own unique vibe to the party. Let’s break down the differences so you can confidently choose the perfect stone for your next project.

Flagstone Varieties: A Motley Crew of Sedimentary Goodness

Think of flagstone as the ‘umbrella term’ for a whole family of sedimentary rocks that split into flat layers – perfect for paving! Here’s a peek at some of the most popular members:

Sandstone: The OG Sedimentary Stone

Sandstone, as the name implies, is essentially cemented sand. Imagine a beach compressed over millions of years, and you’ve got the idea! It’s generally easy to work with and comes in warm, earthy tones like browns, reds, and yellows. You’ll often see sandstone used for:

• Patios: Its inviting colors create a cozy atmosphere.
• Walkways: Sandstone provides a natural, rustic path.
• Walls: It adds texture and character to retaining or decorative walls.

Quartzite: The Durable Daredevil

This metamorphic rock is tough as nails, thanks to intense heat and pressure. Quartzite flagstone is incredibly resistant to scratching, staining, and weathering, making it a fantastic choice for high-traffic areas. Plus, it often has a sparkly, almost crystalline appearance that catches the light beautifully. Consider quartzite for:

• Pool Decks: Its slip-resistant qualities and durability make it ideal.
• Driveways: Quartzite can handle the weight of vehicles without cracking.
• High-traffic Walkways: Expect it to last for ages, even with constant use.

Limestone: The Sophisticated Showstopper

Limestone flagstone has a finer grain compared to sandstone and often comes in softer, more muted colors like creams, grays, and tans. Its unique texture and subtle variations add a touch of elegance to any space. While it’s not as hard as quartzite, it’s still a durable option for:

• Patios: Limestone creates a refined and timeless look.
• Gardens: Its neutral tones blend seamlessly with greenery.
• Steps: With proper sealing, limestone steps can be both beautiful and functional.

Other Flagstone Types: Don’t Forget About…

There are a ton of other flagstone options out there! Slate, for instance, offers a distinctive layered appearance and comes in dark grays, blacks, and even purples. Keep an eye out for local varieties at your stone yard – you might discover a hidden gem!

Bluestone Specifics: The Cool Kid on the Block

Now, let’s talk about bluestone. Bluestone isn’t just any flagstone; it’s a specific type of sandstone known for its characteristic blue-gray hue. Think of it as flagstone’s super-stylish cousin.

Color Variations: More Than Just Blue

While blue-gray is the hallmark of bluestone, you’ll find variations ranging from lighter blues to deeper grays, and even some with hints of brown or green. This subtle color play adds depth and interest to any project.

Quarrying Locations: From the Northeast with Love

The vast majority of bluestone comes from the northeastern United States, particularly Pennsylvania and New York. This region is known for its high-quality bluestone deposits, formed over millions of years.

Unique Characteristics: What Makes Bluestone, Bluestone?

What sets bluestone apart?

• Consistent Color: While there are variations, bluestone generally maintains that recognizable blue-gray tone, offering a more uniform look than some other flagstone types.
• Natural Cleft Texture: Bluestone naturally splits into relatively smooth, flat pieces, making it ideal for paving.
• Durability: It’s a tough stone that can withstand harsh weather conditions, making it a long-lasting choice for outdoor projects.

So, there you have it! Now you can confidently tell the difference between flagstone and bluestone, and choose the perfect stone to bring your outdoor vision to life. Happy landscaping!

Understanding the Foundation: Why Flagstone and Bluestone Thrive Outdoors

Ever wonder why some materials just feel right in an outdoor setting? With flagstone and bluestone, it’s more than just looks. It’s about their inherent qualities – the very DNA that makes them perfect for patios, walkways, and more. Let’s dive into what makes these stones the MVPs of outdoor design!

Thickness: Strength Beneath Your Feet

Thickness isn’t just a number; it’s a measure of strength. A thicker flagstone or bluestone can handle more weight and pressure, making it ideal for high-traffic areas like driveways or heavily used patios. Think of it like this: a thin stone might crack under pressure (literally!), while a thicker one provides a solid, unyielding surface. The right thickness ensures longevity and prevents costly repairs down the road.

Shape: Design Freedom Unleashed

From wildly irregular to neatly rectangular, the shape of your flagstone or bluestone dramatically impacts the overall design. Irregular shapes offer a more natural, rustic vibe – perfect for meandering garden paths. Rectangular or geometric cuts lend a contemporary, organized feel to patios and walkways. The shape you choose sets the tone for your entire outdoor space, so consider your style goals!

Texture: A Sensory Experience

Texture adds another layer of visual and tactile interest. A rough, textured surface offers excellent slip resistance, essential for areas prone to moisture, like pool decks. Smooth stones are easier to clean and provide a more refined aesthetic, ideal for covered patios. The texture can also influence how the stone interacts with light, creating subtle variations in color and depth. It’s all about engaging the senses!

Durability: Built to Last

Outdoor life is tough, but flagstone and bluestone are tougher. Their inherent durability means they can withstand harsh weather conditions, including freeze-thaw cycles that can wreak havoc on other materials. Look for stones known for their resistance to weathering, ensuring your investment stands the test of time. A durable stone means less maintenance and more enjoyment for years to come.

Slip Resistance: Safety First!

Let’s be real, nobody wants a slippery patio, especially around a pool. Slip resistance is a critical safety factor. A naturally rough or textured surface provides better traction, minimizing the risk of slips and falls. When selecting your stone, prioritize slip resistance, especially in areas where water is present. It’s a simple choice that can make a big difference.

Weight and Density: The Nitty-Gritty

Weight and density might seem like technical details, but they significantly affect installation and structural support. Heavier, denser stones require a more robust base and specialized equipment for handling. Consider the weight implications, especially if you’re tackling a DIY project. Understanding these factors ensures a safe and stable installation that won’t shift or settle over time.

Unleash Your Creativity: Flagstone and Bluestone Applications in Home Improvement

Okay, so you’re thinking about sprucing up your outdoor space, and you’re eyeballing flagstone and bluestone? Excellent choice! These natural beauties aren’t just rocks; they’re keys to unlocking a whole new level of outdoor living. Let’s dive into the awesome ways you can use them to transform your yard from “blah” to “BAM!”

Patios: Your Outdoor Living Room

Imagine this: You, a comfy chair, a cool drink, and a gorgeous flagstone patio under your feet. Sounds dreamy, right? Flagstone patios are all about creating inviting spaces where you can relax and entertain. Think about the size you need, the overall vibe you want, and let your creativity flow. Do you want a rustic, irregular pattern, or a sleek, modern design with precisely cut stones? The choice is yours!

Walkways: Paths to Paradise

Forget boring concrete slabs! Flagstone and bluestone walkways add instant charm and character to your garden. They guide your guests (and you!) through your landscape while looking effortlessly stylish. Consider the flow – do you want a meandering path or a straight shot? Either way, a well-designed stone walkway is a total game-changer.

Steps: Stepping Up Your Style

Let’s be honest, steps can be… well, just steps. But not with flagstone or bluestone! These materials can turn a functional necessity into a visual masterpiece. Think about the rise (height) and tread (depth) for comfortable use, and then let your imagination run wild with the design. Flagstone steps leading up to a bluestone patio? Yes, please!

Pool Decks: Safe and Stylish Splashes

Safety first, always! Especially around a pool. That’s why slip-resistant flagstone and bluestone are perfect for pool decks. They look stunning and keep your loved ones safe from accidental slips and slides. Plus, they stay cooler than concrete on hot summer days – bonus!

Driveways: Make a Grand Entrance

Want to make a statement? A flagstone driveway is the way to do it. It’s durable enough to handle vehicle traffic, and it adds a touch of elegance that asphalt just can’t match. Choose thicker stones for this application, and make sure they’re properly installed for long-lasting beauty.

Walls: Build a Beautiful Boundary

Flagstone isn’t just for walking on; it’s also a fantastic material for walls. Whether you’re creating a decorative veneer or a freestanding structure, flagstone walls add texture, color, and a natural feel to your outdoor space. Just remember to consider structural integrity, especially for taller walls.

Fire Pits: Gather ‘Round the Stone

Nothing says “cozy” like a crackling fire pit on a cool evening. And what better material to build it with than heat-resistant flagstone or bluestone? Not only is it safe, but it also looks amazing. Remember to use a fire ring for added safety and to protect the stones from direct flame.

Gardens: A Stone’s Throw from Paradise

Last but not least, don’t forget the garden! Flagstone and bluestone can be used in countless ways to enhance your green space. Use them for pathways, edging, or even to create raised beds. They add a touch of rustic charm and blend seamlessly with nature.

Step-by-Step Guide: The Flagstone and Bluestone Installation Process

So, you’re ready to transform your outdoor space with the timeless beauty of flagstone or bluestone? Awesome! But hold your horses (or wheelbarrows) – proper installation is key to ensuring your project looks fantastic and stands the test of time. Think of it like baking a cake; even with the best ingredients, a bad recipe or sloppy execution can lead to a crumbly disaster. Fear not! We’re here to guide you through the process, step by step.

Base Preparation: Setting the Stage for Success

Imagine building a house on quicksand. Not a great idea, right? The same goes for your flagstone or bluestone patio. A solid, well-compacted foundation is absolutely essential. This usually involves digging down and layering gravel and crushed stone. Think of it as creating a stable “stage” for your beautiful stone performance. Compacting each layer with a plate compactor is crucial to prevent settling and shifting down the road. Don’t skimp on this step!

Mortar: Bonding with the Best

Mortar is what binds your stones together, so you want to make sure it’s up to the task. Selecting the right type of mortar for your climate and stone type is important – a polymer-modified mortar is often recommended for its enhanced flexibility and bonding strength. Mix the mortar according to the manufacturer’s instructions, ensuring a consistent and workable consistency. Apply the mortar evenly to the base, creating a bed for each stone.

Polymeric Sand: The Secret Weapon Against Weeds

Ugh, weeds. Nobody wants them popping up between their meticulously laid stones. Polymeric sand is your savior! It’s a special type of sand mixed with polymers that, when activated with water, creates a firm, yet flexible joint. This not only prevents weed growth but also helps to stabilize the stones and resist erosion. Follow the manufacturer’s instructions carefully when applying polymeric sand – too much water can lead to a hazy film on the stone surface.

Cutting: Shaping Your Vision

Unless you’re working with perfectly square stones, chances are you’ll need to do some cutting. A wet saw with a diamond blade is the ideal tool for cutting flagstone and bluestone, providing clean and precise cuts. For smaller adjustments, a hammer and chisel can also be used. Always wear safety glasses and gloves when cutting stone to protect yourself from flying debris.

Leveling: Achieving a Smooth Surface

Nobody wants a wobbly patio! Leveling is crucial for creating a flat and even surface. Use a level and shims to adjust the height of each stone, ensuring that it’s flush with its neighbors. Patience is key here – take your time and make small adjustments until you achieve the desired result.

Jointing: Finishing Touches

Jointing is the process of filling the spaces between the stones. You have a few options here: mortar, polymeric sand, or even decorative gravel. Mortar provides a more permanent and traditional look, while polymeric sand offers flexibility and weed control. Decorative gravel can add a touch of rustic charm. Whichever method you choose, make sure to fill the joints completely and neatly, creating a professional and polished finish. After all, the devil is in the details!

Preserving the Beauty: Maintenance and Care Tips for Flagstone and Bluestone

Okay, so you’ve got your gorgeous flagstone or bluestone patio, walkway, or whatever awesome project you decided to tackle. Now, let’s keep it looking amazing, shall we? Think of it like this: you wouldn’t buy a fancy sports car and never wash it, right? Same deal here. A little TLC goes a long way in making sure your stone stays stunning for years to come.

Seal the Deal: Protecting Your Stone with Sealers

Imagine your flagstone is wearing a superhero cape, and that cape is a sealer. Sealers are your first line of defense against the evils of the outside world: stains from spilled lemonade, water damage from those epic summer thunderstorms, and the general wear and tear that comes with Mother Nature’s mood swings.

• Why Seal? Because nobody wants a patio that looks like it’s been through a mud-wrestling match. Sealers create a protective barrier that prevents liquids from soaking into the stone, making cleanup a breeze.

• Types of Sealers: You’ve got options, baby!

  • Penetrating Sealers: These soak into the stone and provide protection from within. Think of them as the undercover agents of the sealer world. They’re great for a natural look.
  • Topical Sealers: These form a film on the surface of the stone, giving it a glossy or matte finish. They’re like the shiny superheroes, making a bold statement.

• Application Frequency: How often should you reapply? Check the sealer’s instructions, but generally, you’re looking at every 1-3 years, depending on foot traffic and weather exposure. Consider it like changing your car’s oil – regular maintenance is crucial for peak performance.

Cleaning Like a Pro: Banish Dirt, Algae, and Grime

Even with a sealer, your stone is going to get dirty. That’s just life. But don’t worry, cleaning it doesn’t have to be a Herculean task.

• The Basics: Start with the gentle stuff: a broom, a hose, and maybe a little bit of mild soap. For regular maintenance, this is often all you need. Think of it as giving your stone a nice spa day.

• Tackling Tough Stains: Uh oh, did someone spill red wine again? (We’ve all been there.) Here are some solutions:

  • Algae and Moss: A scrub brush and a mixture of water and vinegar can work wonders. You can also find specialized algae and moss killers at your local hardware store.
  • Oil and Grease: Dish soap and a scrub brush are your friends. For stubborn stains, try a poultice (a paste made of absorbent material and a cleaning agent).
  • Rust: Commercial rust removers can be effective, but always test them in an inconspicuous area first to make sure they don’t damage the stone.

• The Power Washer Debate: Power washers can be tempting, but use them with caution! Too much pressure can damage the stone. If you do use one, keep the pressure low and use a wide-angle nozzle.

So there you have it! By following these simple maintenance and care tips, you can keep your flagstone and bluestone looking fabulous for years to come. Now go forth and love your stone!

Designing with Stone: Aesthetic Considerations for Flagstone and Bluestone Projects

Alright, so you’re thinking about leveling up your outdoor space with the timeless charm of flagstone and bluestone? Awesome! But before you start hauling rocks, let’s chat about the fun part – design! Think of your yard as a blank canvas. Flagstone and bluestone are your paints, and a little know-how is your brush to create a masterpiece. We’re going to dive into how to make sure your stone choices sing in harmony with your overall aesthetic, transforming your outdoor area from “meh” to “marvelous!”

Color Palette: Making Colors Complement Each Other

Imagine wearing a neon orange shirt with bright green pants. Yikes! The same goes for your landscape. You want harmony, not a clash. Consider the existing colors of your home’s exterior, the surrounding greenery, and any other hardscaping elements you already have.

• Does your house have warm tones like beige or brown? Warmer shades of flagstone, such as those with reddish or golden hues, will create a cohesive look.
• If your home is cooler – think gray or white – bluestone with its blue-gray tones, will be a natural complement.

Don’t be afraid to mix and match within a similar tonal range to add depth and visual interest! Think about the feeling you want to evoke. Want a cozy, inviting vibe? Go for warmer tones. A sleek, modern feel? Cool, gray tones are your friend.

Style: Finding Your Stone Soulmate

Is your style rustic and charming, sleek and modern, or somewhere in between? The type of stone you choose should reflect your personal aesthetic.

• Rustic: Irregularly shaped flagstone with a rough texture screams “countryside cottage.”
• Modern: Large, rectangular bluestone pavers with clean lines are perfect for a contemporary space.
• Traditional: A blend of flagstone types arranged in a more formal pattern can create a timeless, classic look.

Consider other materials in your outdoor space – wood, metal, concrete. How can you create a seamless transition between them and your flagstone or bluestone? For instance, pairing rough-hewn flagstone with reclaimed wood benches creates a rustic retreat.

Pattern: Adding Visual Pizzazz

Let’s talk patterns, baby! The way you arrange your flagstone or bluestone can dramatically impact the overall look.

• Random: This is the most common (and often easiest!) approach. Simply lay the stones in a somewhat random pattern, varying sizes and shapes. It’s natural, relaxed, and forgiving!
• Geometric: For a more structured look, consider geometric patterns like running bond (like brickwork), herringbone, or even circular designs. This is great for modern spaces.
• Circular: Creating a circular patio or walkway with flagstone can be a stunning focal point. This works particularly well in gardens or open areas.

Remember to consider the scale of your space when choosing a pattern. Smaller spaces might benefit from simpler patterns, while larger areas can handle more intricate designs. And don’t forget about jointing – the material you use to fill the gaps between the stones. Mortar, polymeric sand, or even gravel can all create different visual effects.

So, there you have it! Armed with these aesthetic considerations, you’re well on your way to designing an outdoor space that’s not only functional but a true reflection of your personal style. Now go forth and create something beautiful!

Smart Shopping: Sourcing Flagstone and Bluestone and Understanding Costs

Alright, so you’re ready to deck out your yard with some gorgeous flagstone or bluestone, huh? Excellent choice! But before you get too carried away dreaming about those perfect patios and winding walkways, let’s talk about where to get your stone and how not to empty your wallet in the process. Trust me, a little bit of planning here can save you a whole lotta headache (and cash) later on. Let’s dive into the world of stone sourcing and costing – think of it as becoming a stone-cold (pun intended!) savvy shopper.

Stone Yards/Suppliers: Your Quest for Quality Begins Here

First things first: where do you even find this stuff? Not just any old place will do. You want a supplier you can trust, one that’s not gonna sell you cracked stone or try to pull a fast one. I recommend hitting up local stone yards, landscape supply companies, or even some specialized masonry suppliers. These guys are the pros, and they usually have a wide selection of flagstone and bluestone on display.

Don’t be afraid to ask questions! A reputable supplier should be happy to show you their inventory, explain the different types and grades of stone they offer, and answer any questions you have about quality and durability. Verifying stone quality is key, so don’t hesitate to inspect the stones yourself. Look for consistent thickness, minimal cracks or chips, and a uniform color throughout (unless you’re going for a more rustic, varied look, of course!). And hey, if they let you take a sample home, even better!

Price Per Square Foot: Decoding the Stone’s Secret Language

Okay, now for the nitty-gritty: how much is this all gonna cost? Flagstone and bluestone are priced by the square foot, but there are a few things that can influence the price. The type of stone, its thickness, and its finish all play a role. For example, a thinner flagstone will generally be cheaper than a thicker one, but it might not be suitable for heavy-duty applications like driveways. Similarly, a bluestone with a natural cleft finish (that rough, textured look) might cost less than a bluestone with a smooth, sawn finish.

So, how do you compare costs effectively? Simple: get quotes from multiple suppliers, and make sure you’re comparing apples to apples. Ask about the price per square foot for the specific type of stone you want, in the thickness you need, with the finish you prefer. Don’t be afraid to negotiate! Many suppliers are willing to work with you, especially if you’re buying a large quantity of stone. And remember, the cheapest option isn’t always the best. Consider the long-term value and durability of the stone, not just the initial price tag.

Additional Costs: The Hidden Expenses to Watch Out For

Alright, listen up, because this is where things can get a little sneaky. The price of the stone itself is only part of the equation. You also need to factor in additional costs like:

• Installation: Unless you’re a seasoned DIYer, you’ll probably need to hire a professional to install your flagstone or bluestone. Get quotes from multiple contractors, and make sure they include all the necessary prep work, materials (like mortar or polymeric sand), and labor in their estimate.
• Delivery: Getting those heavy stones from the supplier to your home can be a surprisingly expensive. Check with the supplier or installer about delivery fees, and factor that into your overall budget.
• Tools and Equipment: If you’re tackling the installation yourself, you’ll need to buy or rent some specialized tools, like a wet saw for cutting the stone. Add these costs to your DIY budget.
• Permits: Depending on your local regulations, you might need to obtain a permit for certain outdoor projects, like building a patio or driveway. Check with your city or county planning department to find out what permits are required, and factor those fees into your budget.

By being aware of these potential hidden costs, you can avoid any nasty surprises and ensure that your flagstone or bluestone project stays within budget. Happy shopping, and may your outdoor space be ever so stone-ishing!

Troubleshooting Guide: Don’t Panic! Fixing Flagstone and Bluestone Boo-Boos

Okay, so you’ve poured your heart (and probably a good chunk of your wallet) into a gorgeous flagstone or bluestone patio, walkway, or whatever your heart desired. But Mother Nature, or maybe just plain ol’ Murphy’s Law, has decided to throw a wrench in the works? Don’t fret! Every stone patio tells a story, and sometimes that story includes a few hiccups. This is your guide to diagnosing and fixing those frustrating flagstone and bluestone blunders. Let’s dive in and get those stones back to their former glory!

Cracking Under Pressure: Why Your Stone Might Be Saying “Ouch!”

Cracks in your beautiful stone? Not a good look, but totally fixable. Let’s play detective:

• Improper Base: Think of your base like the foundation of a house. If it’s not solid, things are gonna shift. A poorly compacted base of gravel or crushed stone is a prime suspect.
• Freeze-Thaw Cycles: Water expands when it freezes, and if it gets into the stone, bam! Cracks can form. It’s like the stone equivalent of brain freeze, but way less fun.

Prevention is Key (and Easier Than Repair!):

• Proper Drainage is Crucial: Make sure water can drain away from your stone. Standing water is the enemy. Think slopes and drainage systems.
• **Expansion Joints:* These are like tiny shock absorbers for your patio. They allow for natural expansion and contraction without putting stress on the stones. If your patio is big, you MUST install this or you will regret it!

Spalling: Flaking Out, Literally

Spalling is when your stone starts to flake or chip. It’s like your patio is shedding its skin in the worst possible way.

• Potential Causes: Similar to cracking, freeze-thaw cycles are often the culprit. Poor quality stone can also be more susceptible. And the use of de-icing salts are a big NO NO!

Repair Options:

• For small chips, you might be able to use a stone repair epoxy to fill the void. It’s like a tiny facelift for your flagstone.
• For more severe spalling, you might need to replace the affected stone altogether. Time to get your hands dirty!
• Always try to find the source stones from the same lot you purchased the original to keep it consistent!
• For some, spalling looks natural, if you like it, then let it be!

Staining: When Your Patio Gets a Bad Case of the Blahs

Stains can make even the most beautiful stone look sad and neglected.

• Organic Matter: Leaves, mulch, and other organic debris can leave unsightly stains if left to decompose on the surface. (And can lead to moss and mold.)
• Rust: Metal objects left on the stone can cause rust stains. So, maybe don’t leave your old bike out there all winter!
• General Grime: Dirt, spills, and just general wear and tear can dull the stone over time. (Just like with a home.)

Cleaning Methods:

• Power Wash Carefully: Try to power wash stains away, but be careful, as some stones aren’t meant for a power washer.
• Gentle Cleaners: A mild detergent and water can work wonders for general grime.
• Specialty Stone Cleaners: For stubborn stains, invest in a cleaner specifically designed for natural stone. Always follow the manufacturer’s instructions.

Preventative Measures:

• Sealing: A good sealer can help protect your stone from stains and water damage. Think of it as sunscreen for your patio.
• Regular Cleaning: A little upkeep goes a long way. Sweep regularly and wash the stone periodically to prevent stains from setting in.
• Try to clean spills IMMEDIATELY
• For rust stains, clean them immediately or they can be very hard to remove!

So, there you have it! Flagstone and bluestone, both fantastic options for leveling up your outdoor spaces. Ultimately, the best choice boils down to your personal style, budget, and how you plan to use the stone. Happy paving!